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page006from KEY IDEAS IN SOCIOLOGY
▇ Careers of Ideas
Although we understand that people have
careers, it is not so obvious that ideas about the nature of society do also.
As you will see, ideas have careers insofar as they are used over an extended
period to help us comprehend major social trends. Ideas are formulated,
elaborated, refined, and revised by particular individuals, but the ideas
nonetheless manage to take on lives of their own. Thus, they need to be
understood on their own terms.
The individuals who developed these ideas
inhabited particular times and places. Thus, ideas developed in par... more ...
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page005from KEY IDEAS IN SOCIOLOGY
conjuring up notions of personal autonomy
and self-reliance. Individualism, however, also has a darker side.
Individualism recasts the way people define
their ties to community and to other people outside of the orbit of family and
friends. This has broad implications. An example of this is seen in a letter
that Robert Bellah, one of the sociologists discussed in Chapter 4, sent to
President Clinton, criticizing him for signing a new welfare bill into law. The
bill was designed to prevent people from remaining on welfare for extended
periods of time. According to its proponents, the rationale for thi... more ...
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page004from KEY IDEAS IN SOCIOLOGY
is a wasteful and destructive side to
industrial society. The purpose of Chapter 2 is to explore the dual-edged
nature of industrial society in the context of how the thinking about it has
evolved during the past two centuries.
Democracy
The American and French revolutions marked
the beginning of a shift in the way people thought about government and its
relation to the governed. The democratic era marked the end of the age of
absolutism, in which monarchs identified themselves with the state, and in
which the people were seen merely as subjects of the crown. Democracy changed
this by investing ultimate authority in the citizenry, with government being... more ...
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page003from KEY IDEAS IN SOCIOLOGY
be seen as key ideas because they help to
supply us with insights into major social trends and assist us in seeing how
those trends influence all facets of our lives(Elias 1978; Williams 1976; Shils
1981; Seidman 1983; Wolfe 1995).
These ideas, of course, cannot stand alone.
First, they are interconnected. Thus, for example, we cannot appreciate the
nature of democracy in American society today without an awareness of the
nature of individualism. Some versions of individualism, which encourage the
single-minded pursuit of self-interest, can work against people acting
collectively in political life to advance the common good. This, obviously, has
significant implications for the way democracy will look and function.... more ...
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page002from KEY IDEAS IN SOCIOLOGY
The End of History and the Last Man
The Age of Discontinuity
The Jobless Future
The Twilight of Common Dreams
TheNew WorldOrder
The Coming Information Age
The Closing of the American Mind
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