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page035from Building Ideas- looking “inwards” at the body instead of outwards at the heavens – and concerned the physical structure and systems of human anatomy. The Fabric of the Human Body was the work of Andreas Vesalius, the Flemish physician and anatomist who distrusted the traditional understanding of the workings of the body due to its theoretical derivation from dissections done on animals. In response to this neglect of a solid basis in physical fact, Vesalius insisted, like Copernicus had done, on gathering his own experimental evidence and dismissing all previous notions born of superstition and speculation .
The most striking aspect of Vesalius’ approach to the presentation of his studies is the mechanical and systematic way in which the components of the body are separated out for inspection. As the skin and the muscles are stripped away almost violently, the organs and bones which are revealed by this process are examined independently in isolated illustrations. In spite of the difficulties of obtaining corpses for dissection, his revolutionary methodology led to significant discoveries as well as arousing opposition from the Church. It was the same opposition to “heretical” new practices that Galileo was to encounter just a few decades later, when he took up the principle of Copernicus’ new universe and confirmed it, to his cost, with his newly acquired telescope. With the body as a system divided into its constituent components, it wasn’t long before the forces that animated the resulting “assembly” also began to yield to a similar kind of mechanical analysis. In 1628, when William Harvey published his conclusions on the circulation of the blood due to the pumping action of the heart, the notion of the body as a mechanical contraption was beginning to take root in philosophy. The English philosopher and Lord Chancellor Francis Bacon set out in more formal terminology what he intended would serve as the basis for a rigorous and systematic experimental science. In the Novum Organum (1620) (“New Instrument; or, True Directions Concerning the Interpretation of Nature”) he established the approach to scientific investigation that became the foundation of modern technological advancement. Bacon was frustrated with pace of human progress which, to him, was being stifled by its respect
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