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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja kuvitus  Kati Närhi Tammi
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At 2021-09-28 09:43:54,
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Ruoka Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja 
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At 2021-09-27 15:05:39,
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At 2021-09-27 15:04:58,
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At 2021-09-27 15:04:35,
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At 2021-09-27 15:03:17,
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At 2021-09-27 15:02:14,
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At 2021-09-27 15:01:32,
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At 2021-09-27 14:59:22,
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At 2021-09-27 14:58:31,
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by huiping.wu(at)hotmail.com

Comments

At 2021-05-29 23:29:38,
admin2020 says:
现在作为两个小家伙的语法素材来用。 ... more ...

At 2011-10-31 18:20:53,
admin2020 says:
大概是15年前的时候,我买了这本书. 在高中的时候，由于英语老师介绍说应该用英语去学习英语， 所以尝试着这么做。看似书面都破旧了，但是除了开头几页外，我又读了多少呢？ ... more ...

At 2011-10-20 15:47:55,
admin2020 says:
"saw hermeneutics as a method for eliminating misunderstanding"Another contribution for Hermeneutics. ... more ...

At 2011-10-20 15:45:02,
admin2020 says:
One contribution of Hermeneutics :"from a theological to an academic practice "It serves as an academic practice. ... more ...

At 2011-10-20 15:39:28,
admin2020 says:
Here are three models:"With phenomenology, the problem centred on the notion of “intersubjectivity” and the extension of bodily experience beyond the individual’s perceptual realm. Structuralsim appeared to offer a social context for this experience, by embedding the individual in a network of pre-existing codes and conventions. At the same time, structuralist analysis failed to deal with historical change and the various brands of political criticism were shown ... more ...

At 2011-10-20 14:09:03,
admin2020 says:
"In Heidegger’s work, understanding became the basic mode of being, "I agree with this point. Failure of understanding causes so much conflicts and opposing grounds. ... more ...

At 2011-10-19 18:51:04,
admin2020 says:
" The transformation of hermeneutics from a theological to an academic practice"There is certain shift and change from traditional meaning of Hermeneutics into general meaning of interpretation. ... more ...

At 2011-10-19 18:31:36,
admin2020 says:
The first one is to consider architecture is a solution to the problem of practical spatial demands.The second one is to pursue the asthetical demands by architecture. ... more ...

At 2011-10-19 18:25:54,
admin2020 says:
"Chapters 1 and 2 of this book set out two contrasting schools of thought – two opposing views on the question of meaning in architecture. The first assumes that architecture has no meaning at all, except as a solution to the problem of providing convenient sheltered space. The second approaches architecture as a pure artistic exercise, with its priority to community a message rated above all other concerns."Here are the two basic frame of thought.  ... more ...

At 2011-10-19 18:21:53,
admin2020 says:
"Hermeneutics today is a problematic term because of its historical associations, but I am using it in the broadest sense to mean the general practice of interpretation."Hermeneutics has its tracks from "historical associations", in this book author uses this word as "the general practice of interpretation". ... more ...

At 2011-10-19 18:04:33,
admin2020 says:
" The critical element I have suggested in the title “critical hermeneutics” should serve to highlight a problem that will become apparent in the conventional understanding of the term. It is meant to suggest a certain vigilance towards the conservative tendencies of hermeneutics, and to restore the quality of questionableness with regard to historical traditions."does this clarify the meanings of Critical Hermeneutics and its contributions. ... more ...

At 2011-10-19 00:18:51,
admin2020 says:
"another factor, the idea of a tradition being formed by a shared community of understanding. "what is that factor? ... more ...

At 2011-10-18 23:28:23,
admin2020 says:
it seems that Hermeneutics is certain updates from , at least current definition, religion interpretations between Spiritual figures and expression to mortals.  ... more ...

At 2011-10-18 23:26:22,
admin2020 says:
"   Hermeneutics was born with the attempt to raise(Biblical) exegesis and (classical) philology to the level of a Kunstlehre, that is , a ‘technology’, which is not restricted to a mere collection of unconnected operations.3"this some kind of explanations of Hermeneutics, ... more ...

At 2011-10-18 23:21:10,
admin2020 says:
"The fact that texts require interpretation at all"---interpretation is the action in order to understand. ... more ...

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page004-en

from 华夏意匠 Cathay's Idea- Design Theory of Chinese Classical Architecture

Chapter Seven     Shape and Standard of Major Components

Column and Plinth......................................................229

Brackets（Dougong)............................................................236

Queti, Hump.Spacer Dougong............................................243

Railing............................................................251

Sill frame and fusma...................................................258

Chapter Color, Decoration and “Fitments of Inner Eaves”

Origin of Color...................................................267

Decoration and Colorful Painting...................................................275

Ceiling and caisson ceiling...................................................283

Skylight............................................................289

Partition............................................................295

Chapter Garden Architecture

Thoughts and ideas of design.............................................305

Historic Foundation...................................................310

Principles of Composition...................................................317

Components of Garden................................................322

Organization of "Garden Complex“.................................................329

Chapter Ten   Buildings except Houses

None-housing Buildings....................................................339

Walls and Towers....................................................344

Bridges and "Bridge House".....................................................351

Temple of Pagodas and Tomb of Pagodas...............................................358

陵堂与墓室....................................................366

第十一章    城市规划

古代的城市和规划...........................................377

都城的盛衰和兴亡...........................................383

城市形状的产生和变迁.....................................390

城市的内容和组织...........................................396

道路网和城市的布局........................................402

第十二章    设计.施工.研究和著述

建筑师和城市规划家........................................411

古代的建筑设计工作........................................416

古代的建筑施工工作........................................423

古代有关建筑的研究和著述...............................428

近代有关中国古典建筑的研究和著述...................434

发展的终结和传统的继承..................................443

At 2012-01-01 03:45:13,
admin2020 says:

陵堂---陵墓内停灵柩或设灵位的厅屋。

in the tombs the house and hall which lays coffins and spirit tablets.

------

At 2012-01-01 03:36:12,
admin2020 says:

"塔庙”及“塔坟”


其中的“塔”，应该是我在2001年夏天在宁夏看到的青铜峡108塔中的塔。---pagoda


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At 2011-12-02 02:46:12,
admin2020 says:
桥屋：bridge house------


At 2011-12-02 02:38:39,
admin2020 says:
隔断：partition------


At 2011-12-01 17:57:29,
admin2020 says:
藻井:caisson,caisson ceiling,caisson ceiling,caisson domed or coffered ceiling------


At 2011-12-01 17:40:28,
admin2020 says:
内檐装修：Fitments of Inner Eaves------


At 2011-12-01 17:12:32,
admin2020 says:
槛框: sill frame
隔扇:fusma------


At 2011-12-01 13:33:05,
admin2020 says:
雀替:queti
驼峰:hump
隔架:spacer brackets(dougong)------


At 2011-12-01 01:58:31,
admin2020 says:
斗拱: bucket arch, brackets


Dougong Brackets(斗拱 Dougong)


The dougong is a system of brackets unique to traditional Chinese architecture. These brackets, arranged like baskets of flowers, are set under the overhanging eaves, adding to the sumptuous magnificence of the buildings.


Thanks to the ancient Chinese edifices are so graceful with their upturned edifices are so graceful with their upturned eaves and at the same time so well constructed and enduring.


The dougong bracket is a structural member found between the top of a column and a cross beam .Each is formed of a double bow-shaped arm(gong) ,which supports a block of wood(dou) on each side ,Fixed layer upon layer ,the arrangements bear the load of the roof .Owing TO hierarchical restrictions in feudal society, the dougong structure can be found only in the most magnificent buildings such as palace and temple halls .The number of layers of these bracket structures also depended on the importance of the buildings.


The dougong is measured in “piles” which vary greatly in their complexity or structure , from those composed of 106 parts to the most simple made up of five .The number of “tiers ”also vary in each “pile ” . To take the double –eaved Taihedian, the building of the highest grade in the country, as an example . Its lower eaves are supported by dougong brackets of 7 tiers , whereas the higher eaves ,9 tiers .The number of tiers ,normally 9,7,5 or 3 ,also represents the extent to which the eaves protrude.


From the point of view of structural mechanics, the dougong structure is highly resistant to earthquakes. It could hold the wood structure together even though brick walls would collapse in the same earthquake. This helped so many ancient buildings to stand intact for hundreds of years.

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At 2011-12-01 01:52:39,
admin2020 says:
柱础:plinth
stone base of column; plinth------




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