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page189from Building Ideas
much as poststructuralism has attempted to
do with the binary oppositions of structuralism, as a way of opening up the
possibilities of meaning.
In Foucault’s earlier work he also
questioned the view of history as a linear development and suggested instead a
model of change through “epistemological breaks” – similar to Thomas Kuhn’s
notion of scientific paradigms, though applied at a more general level across
the field of knowledge as a whole. In his later writing be considered the place
of the individual subject within the institutionalized power-relations of
society is reminiscent of the Marxist definitions of ideology (although he
vehemently denied any specifically Marxist sympathies, as he also denied
subscribing to the structuralist school of though):
Power’s condition of possibility … is the
moving substrate to forced relations which, by virtue of their inequality,
constantly engender states of power, but the latter are always local and
unstable. The omnipresence of power: not because it has the privilege of
consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced
from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in every relation from
one point to another. Power is everywhere not because it embraces everything,
but because it comes from everywhere.21
A concrete example of this process in
action comes in his essay on the “Panopticon”, the building devised by Jeremy
Bentham, the eighteenth century prison reformer. This theatre-like circular
structure with an outer ring of prisoners’ cells could be policed from a
central watch tower, by a single person able to see all round. The sensation of
being under surveillance meant that the inmates would “police” themselves and
thus the very fabric of the building itself ensured the efficient operation of
the disciplinary system. Foucault uses the example of the Panopticon as an
extreme case of a general phenomenon, such as he sees in other institutional
buildings such as hospitals, factories
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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