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page183from Building Ideas
… the attempt to capture the portrait of
history in the most insignificant representations of reality, its scraps as it
were.14
In
his essay on the philosophy of history he took a similarly radical view,
recommending the revision of the grand narratives – or the “history of the
victors” – in favour of the “forgotten” history of ordinary lives:
According
to traditional practice, the spoils are carried along the procession. They are
called cultural treasures, and a historical materialist views them with
cautious detachment. For without exception the cultural treasures he surveys
have an origin which he cannot contemplate without horror. They owe their existence
not only to the great minds and talents who have created them, but also to the
anonymous toil of their contemporaries. There is no document of civilization
which is not at the same time a document of barbarism.15
In Benjanmin’s conception of an alternative
writing of history, the popular culture of the arcades would have played a
significant role. There is also a nagging ambiguity, however, in much of
Benjamin’s thinking, between a nostalgia for the traditional “crafts”, such as
storytelling, painting and theatre, and the excitement at the prospect of a
liberating politics being ushered in by the new arts of photography and cinema.
This is especially evident in what is perhaps his single most famous essay, “The
Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.”
The Critique of the “Culture Industry” – Ideology and the Frankfurt School
In contrast to Benjamin’s studies of “low-cultural”
resistance, and Gramsci’s active involvement with Communist politics at party
level,
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