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page174from Building Ideasthe economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which rises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.4
This is the now classic description of the “base
and superstructure” model, depicting the geological conception of history that
Claude Lévi-Strauss
was so enamoured with. The base consists of two components, firstly the “forces
of production”, being the raw materials, machinery and labour required for
producing industrial goods. The second part he called the “relations of
production”, referring to the ways in which the work is organized, such as in
the typical pyramidal structure of the capitalist corporate hierarchy.
The
superstructure which rises out of this base and which is, in Marx’s terms,
determined by it, consists of the social, political and legal institutions that
make up the society’s “consciousness”. Quite how deterministic Marx meant this
model to be is still the subject of much argument among scholars. Marx does,
however, suggest a direct link between the two components of the base, when he
says “the hand-mill will give you a society with the feudal lord, the
steam-engine a society with the industrial capitalist”.5 This presents a
slightly caricatured version of Marx’s thinking on the process of history
which, in the case of the base and superstructure relationship, was more
complex than first appears. In fact the reasoning behind Marx’s call for
philosophers to change the world lies with the problem caused by one section of
society being exploited by another. In Marx’s model the class that controls the
base thereby also controls the superstructure, and under capitalism this meant
the working classes being locked into their relations of production. With the
institutions of the superstructure being controlled by bourgeoisies, this meant
that the workers were prevented from gaining any understanding of their
exploitation. Various corollaries to this scenario soon followed in Marx’s
thinking, as he set out
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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At 2021-09-28 09:43:54,
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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At 2021-09-27 14:58:31,
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At 2021-09-27 14:56:34,
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