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page144from Building Ideas
Semiotics in Architecture – The Rediscovery
of Meaning
Where does all this leave us in terms of
structuralism and the “language” of architecture? A possible connection was of
course suggested by Barthes’ use of the city as a metaphor. However, the more
specific question of the building as a system of signs related to functions was
left to the Italian writer Umberto Eco who wrote a lengthy essay on this topic.
Eco was close to the work of Barthes with hi interest in the sign-systems of
everyday life, particularly the presence of archetypal themes in the narratives
of popular culture. In a study from 1973, following the US President Nixon’s
fall from office, Eco set out an intriguing analysis of the narrative structure
of Nixon’s resignation speech. The essay was called “Strategies of Lying” and
compared the speech with the pattern of fairytale, tabulating its characters
and episodes as Lévi-Strauss
had done with the Oedipus myth.14
In
his essay devoted to buildings, “Function and Sign: The Semiotics of
Architecture”, Eco considered the more ambiguous problem of how an architectural
element “signifies” its function. He began by dividing the question into
primary and secondary functions which relate to the distinction adopted in
linguistics between denotative and connotative meanings. The former refers to
the literal meaning, or what the word denotes or “says”, whereas the latter
involves the more implicit references that are suggested by the manner of the
saying. In everyday language the denotative is dominant, such as in the communication
of facts or information, while the connotative becomes important in the case of
poetic language, where information is of secondary concern. This division,
however, oversimplifies the issues, as in reality the two categories coexist –
as language is never a truly neutral means of communication, the poetic
dimension will always intrude. Eco acknowledges this situation in another essay
on architecture, on the 1967 Expo World Fair, where he describes the pavilions
as reversing conventional functions, as the connotative takes over from the
denotative. The normal relationship between primary and secondary – or between
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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