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page137from Building Ideas
In
The Elementary Structures of Kinship, which first appeared in 1949, he applied
this model to the laws governing marriage in various so-called primitive
cultures. At first sight this application might seem somewhat inappropriate, as
the make-up of family units appears to be not primarily a means of expression.
Lévi-Strauss,
however, demonstrates that these relationships are governed by laws – a complex
network of codes and prohibitions that provides a sense of order and structure
within a community. By this means, he shows that kinship laws act as a form of “representation”,
a symbolic language through which a community describes itself in structural
terms. By following the authority of these implicit codes, a tribal grouping
can maintain its sense of order, as individual decisions and actions can always
be related to the larger patterns. Rather than the object-centred approach of
traditional anthropology, which concentrated on the nuclear family unit as a
basic building block of a society, Lévi-Strauss instead followed Saussure and considered the relations
between these units. He observed that patterns of intermarriage followed a ritualized
process of exchange, resulting in important bonds between groups of families,
due to connections such as parents/siblings, children/cousins, etc. beyond the
immediate child/parent relationship. The females were often “exchanged” in
marriage, as part of this process of maintaining order, and a similar system
often operated in other ritualized customs such as gift-giving, trading and
religious practice. To Lévi-Strauss these patterns also betrayed the attempt to explain the
underlying structures of nature, such as where the community forms a microcosm
of the world, and procreation becomes a metaphor for creation.
This
is explained more comprehensively in what is probably Lévi-Strauss’ most representative
book, his collection of essays entitled Structural Anthropology, published in
French in 1958. In this book he develops much further the analysis of cultural
practices as forms of expression, with studies on the structural analysis of
myth, alongside magic, religion and art. This work forms a parallel to his study
of kinship in its emphasis on underlying order, in particular the idea that
meaning emerges from the way basic units are combined into systems. Where
Saussure had analysed language in terms of “phonemes”, or units
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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At 2021-09-28 09:43:54,
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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At 2021-09-27 14:56:34,
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