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page136from Building Ideas
A
science that studies the life of signs within society is conceivable; it would
be a part of social psychology and consequently of general psychology; I shall
call it semiology (from Greek semeion ‘a sign’). Semiology would show what
constitutes signs, what laws govern them. Since the science does not yet exist,
no one can say what it would be … Linguistics is only a part of the general
science of semiology; the laws discovered by semiology will be applicable to
linguistics, and the latter will circumscribe a well-defined area within the
mass of anthropological facts.6
Structures of Society – From Lévi-Strauss to Barthes
Appropriately, the first to occupy the
territory staked out in Saussure’s work was the French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, born in 1908, who
is perhaps today the most closely associated with the spread of structuralism
in cultural analysis. Lévi-Strauss had travelled in South America while teaching in Brazil
in the 1930s, and based much of his later writing on this early experience
working in the field. In one of his early works, Tristes Tropiques, published
in 1955, he described his three major influences as “geology, Marxism and psychoanalysis”
– he claimed that all three disciplines demonstrate that “the true reality is
never the most obvious”.7 The principle in all these practices, that surface
effects are invisibly determined by the influence of underlying structures, is
an important factor in Chapter 5 of this book. For now, it is the language
model that provided the structure for Lévi-Strauss’ work, as he searched for a similar system of “differences”
to that which Saussure had uncovered in language. As an anthropologist he
studied societies that had changed very little with the passage of time and
this allowed him to isolate them “synchronically”, as Saussure had recommended
with language.
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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