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page111from Building Ideas
towards an awareness of these environmental
qualities, if we consider a building like Fallingwater, the famous house by
Frank Lloyd Wright. Completed in 1936 for the Pittsburgh Edgar Kaufmann, the
house was built as a weekend retreat, an escape from the pressures of city
life. The site on Bear Run with its dramatic waterfall and rocky outcrops was
well-known to the client’s family from their summer weekends at a nearby cabin.
They would often picnic along the river, around a campfire on the rock ledges,
and it was this experience of the natural landscape that became the basis for
Wright’s design. The living room fireplace is built on an existing boulder,
which is left as an “out-crop” rising up through the floor, and the spherical
wine-kettle which is mounted above it also recalls the experience of outdoor
cooking. The house itself provides an echo of the landscape, in its
cantilevered ledges and continuous glazing – as though the terraces of the
waterfall have been simply inhabited, like a series of cave-dwellings that
might have existed already. This process of “concentration” of the site’s
existing characteristics is perhaps best evidenced in the way the building
establishes different relationships with water. From the entrance pool with its
running fountain, to the open staircase suspended out over the river, the whole
building provides an experience of water, even down to the stone flooring which
recalls the river bed. This theme of the four elements creates a poetic image
of the natural landscape, a kind of three-dimensional cosmic diagram in the
sense that Bachelard would have appreciated. This building could also be read
in terms of Heidegger’s example of the way a bridge affects its surroundings,
but for a direct application of these latter ideas we must look to other
writers on architectural theory.
The Phenomenon of Place
In 1960 an early warning was sounded
against the limitations of functionalism in architecture, in the manifesto
written by two German architects and published in the Berlin journal Der Monat:
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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