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page102from Building Ideas
early writing its existentialist
orientation. This view, where the world is experienced before the mind
describes it in concepts – where “existence precedes essence”, according to the
famous existentialist slogan – is contradicted to a certain extent by the
direction of Heidegger’s later thinking, when he moves back through a
philosophy of language towards a more essentialist orientation.
What
later writers called the Kebre or “turning” in Heidegger’s work, occurs around
the time of World War 2 during a difficult period in the philosopher’s career.
As Rector of Freiburg University in the period before the war, he failed to
oppose the rise of National Socialism and this tarnished his reputation. In the
late 1940s he was left without a formal teaching position, but he used this
time to carry out further research and this deeply affected his later thinking.
The shift in Heidegger’s thought is the “turn” to language as a privileged
realm, as we saw in his discussion of art and poetry, described in Chapter 2.
More specifically, in terms of architecture, his interest was likewise centred
on language, as he describes in the famous essay, “Building, Dwelling, Thinking”.
The order of priority suggested by the title – that one builds first, in order
to dwell – is actually reversed in Heidegger’s thinking, such that one must
learn to dwell in order to build. This argument is based on the idea that we
have “forgotten” what dwelling means, in the same way that Western philosophy
has forgotten, or neglected, the true meaning of Being. In order to retrieve
this original meaning Heidegger looks back into the history of language, to a
time before Plato’s troublesome division between the world of experience and
the realm of ideal forms. In this pre-Socratic world, as it has since been
referred to, Heidegger discerns a more authentic language, where a natural correspondence
is supposed to have existed between ideas and words.
Through
a series of etymologies based on the Greek and German languages, he uncovers a
number of interrelations between the words connected with building and ideas
about the meaning of being. In another essay from 1951, “Poetically Man Dwells”,
he gives a further account of the importance of the history that is “sedimented”
within language:
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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