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page129from Nordic Architects Writes
The human factor
There has always been a great deal of
attention given to technical research in building. This, however, has most
frequently taken the character of a stress on separate details without any
scientific attempt to study them in their direct relation to human life. There
has never been a large and scientifically conducted research centred
immediately around human needs in building problems.
Now
if building activities are frequently haphazard and confused in peace times, it
is clear that in building periods like that of post-war reconstruction the
activity will be even more confused and wasteful.
Post-war
reconstruction problems of earlier wars in comparison with those of the present
one were elementary. Consequently, today the mistakes committed through
haphazard building will have much more disastrous effects on the growth of
society in the future. Therefore we should build on the experience of similar
situations of the past, an activity which will give assistance in the present
crisis and change the former unplanned approach to reconstruction to a more
methodical one.
The period of social construction which in
most ways resembles our present period are certain stages of frontier colonization.
In colonization building periods – that of the American Gold Rush, for example,
in spite of its exaggerated character – we see certain similarities with the
conditions that face us today.
In
such periods of rough colonization we have a crude development of the social
unit. In the first phase of such colonisations buildings take the character of
hastily constructed primitive shelters – temporary barracks. These barracks,
however, will not meet the demands of a more highly organized mode of living. As
a result they have to be torn in its turn usually lacks the qualifications for
supporting a higher standard of living. As a result a third town often has to
be built. Sometimes even this has to be demolished to make room for the step
towards a more highly developed form of society. The wasteful character of such
a process of demolition and reconstruction in wave after wave is obvious.
Now, in both the case of colonization
building and of post-war reconstruction, speed is clearly a vital consideration.
The buildings were needed for immediate use. Construction under temporal
pressure may be a feature also in ordinary peacetime housing projects, we have
an example of it in a government project such as the Russian Five Year Plan.
Yet in such cases, even if we admit that the quantity of building aimed at has
been very great and the time for the work frequently limited, the results
rarely matches the original aims. In many cases the original plan gives way to
confusion and makeshift solutions. The lack of regard for the natural organic
growth of the social community is fundamentally to blame. But makeshift
solutions for the sake of speed are also economically unsound. They do not
accord with the fundamental principles of good organization. In the present
situation, with a building problem of the magnitude of that which now faces us,
such an approach would be disastrous.
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
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Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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At 2021-09-28 09:43:54,
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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