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page127from Nordic Architects Writes
1941
Alvar Aalto
Research for Reconstruction: Rehousing
Research in Finland
Here emphasis is laid on the building
activity in connection with the reconstruction problems being currently
produced by the European War, mainly because of the opportunities they offer
for large-scale housing. Bu this scheme is offered strictly in the spirit of a
suggestion, not as a carefully formulated plan. If it succeeds in stimulating
an eventually productive discussion of the possibilities of such a project, in
doing so it will have served a valuable purpose.
A new problem created by the present war
Years ago one of the first organized
efforts to mitigate the sufferings the grew out of modern warfare led to the
foundation of the International Red Cross. Today there is no question of the
high humanitarian contribution of this undertaking. Out of the last World War a
new problem developed outside the strict province of Red Cross activity. This
was the problem of resettling refugees and transplanting various political and
ethnic groups in the realignment of international boundaries. From a
humanitarian viewpoint, the work in this field accomplished by leaders such as
Fridtjof Nansen stands only second to that of the Red Cross. Each was brings
its own problems to be solved. And new forms of human activity grow up to meet
new needs.
The
present war – “total war” – has already shown the sort of problem it is
carrying along in its wake. It is an old problem which has taken a new aspect
due to its increased scale, that is to say, the number of human beings
involved. The scale of the problem indicates the scale of the activity required
to meet it.
The nature of today’s problem
Today one sees that the root disaster of
this war is the unprecedented destruction of human dwellings that is being
effected, from great cities to the humblest shelters, and the consequent
disruption of the social group. This war is destroying the first and oldest
human protection – the home and the community – and is being effected on such a
scale that life in certain areas has become practically impossible. For
example, in a city in eastern Finland 149 houses were destroyed in a hour,
while many small Norwegian mountain villages were completely wiped out with
equal rapidity.
The
fact is that the technique of the present war destroys more buildings in non-military
areas than it does human beings. The population feels the full weight of the
present war first of all in this indirect way – through the destruction of its
homes.
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