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page100from Building Ideas
In dealings such as this, where something
is put to use, our concern subordinates itself to the ‘in-order-to’ which is
constitutive for the equipment we are employing at the time; the less we just
stare at the hammer-Thing, and the more we seize hold of it and use it, the
more primordial does our relationship to it become … The hammering itself
uncovers the specific ‘manipulability’ of the hammer. The kind of Being which
equipment possesses – in which it manifests itself in its own right – we call ‘readiness-to-hand’.3
The
equipment, while in use, begins to “withdraw” from our perception, as we
concern ourselves instead with the larger objective of the task itself. This
will continue to be the case unless the tool breaks down in the course of its
use, when it will suddenly step forward and assert itself again as an object in
its own right. This is described by Heidegger as the condition of being “present-at-hand”,
and applies to all those objects that we can’t make use of –like works of art
or natural phenomena. These objects which are not considered as equipment, in
the sense of being tools or material resources, demand a contemplative mode of
understanding, as opposed to the active mode of use.
“Dwelling” and Building – Heidegger and
Ortega
Another important notion for later writers
on technology is the idea that a piece of equipment forms part of a network or
pattern of related activities. A tool such as the hammer can only be
meaningfully interpreted when it is seen in terms of the other tools involved
in the performance of a particular function. The Spanish philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset, who also
wrote on the philosophy of technology, coined the term “pragmatic fields” to
explain this characteristic of items of equipment. The fact that all tools can
be seen as belonging to particular activities means that to understand one item
we must see it in context with a number of others. This is also extended
3 Martin Heidegger, Being and Time,
translated by John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson, Harper & Row, New York,
1962, p98.
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At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
page000
Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
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At 2021-09-28 09:43:54,
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Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
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