| Sorted by date | |||
page096from Building Ideas
In one sense this notion of a scientific
philosophy could be seen as part of the continuing Enlightenment “project”,
with many disciplines including even the new social sciences still under
pressure to fit the definitions of objectivity. The method that Husserl adopted
for his study of phenomena and the ways that they present themselves to the
mind were also reminiscent of the Descartes’ thought process, in his earlier
search for the foundations of true knowledge. Like Descartes, Husserl began by
abandoning all previous experience, regarding it as doubtful, uncertain or
misleading and, having suspended his preconceptions he would “bracket off” a
particular object, allowing him to contemplate it detached from its context.
Having achieved this with the thing under study he then set about uncovering
its essence. He did this by a process of “free variation” where an object’s
attributes are each considered in turn. By varying the characteristics an
object possesses until it ceases to be the thing that it is, a core set of
properties can eventually be identified which express the thing’s underlying
essence. One can try this with an everyday object like a table lamp and imagine
substituting each of its features – one can change the flex or the shade
without it ceasing to be a lamp, but removing the light source would transform
it beyond recognition.
This
is a crude example of what was a complex process for Husserl, referring to it
as an eidetic reduction, from the Greek eidos, meaning ideal or essence, which
Plato had also used in a similar sense. For Plato this referred to the
unchanging idea or universal “type”, of which any object was a particular
example, and in Husserl’s work this formed the first step of a larger process,
which he referred to as the “phenomenological reduction”. The initial element
in this method is the bracketing off mentioned above, which leads to the
isolation of the object from its context. By reducing the cultural world to the
“life world”, or the realm of immediate experience, Husserl hoped to achieve an
unobstructed view of reality. The final movement in this sequence is the “transcendental
reduction” which assumes that the experience of the individual can be applied
universally. From the individual subject one is meant to extrapolate towards
the universal realm of subjectivity in general – the unique experience of the
particular individual is
|
|||
|
|||
|
|
At 2021-11-02 20:28:57,
page000
Paula Noronen
Yökoulun Pieni Kauhukäsikirja
kuvitus
Kati Närhi
Tammi
... ...
At 2021-09-28 09:43:54,
page0013
Ruoka
Kakkua pullaa, leipää ja
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:05:39,
page0012
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:04:58,
page0011
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:04:35,
page0010
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:04:02,
page0009
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:03:17,
page0008
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:02:35,
page0007
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:02:14,
page0006
... ...
At 2021-09-27 15:01:32,
page0005
... ...
At 2021-09-27 14:59:22,
page0000
... ...
At 2021-09-27 14:58:31,
page0000
... ...
At 2021-09-27 14:57:52,
page0000
... ...
At 2021-09-27 14:57:21,
page0000
... ...
At 2021-09-27 14:56:34,
page0000
... ...
Share to International sites:
分享到国内网站和微博
