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Diphtheriafrom Vocabulary ExtensionDiphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.[1] Signs and symptoms may vary from mild to severe.[2] They usually start two to five days after exposure.[1] Symptoms often come on fairly gradually, beginning with a sore throat and fever.[2] In severe cases, a grey or white patch develops in the throat.[1][2] This can block the airway and create a barking cough as in croup.[2] The neck may swell in part due to enlarged lymph nodes.[1] A form of diphtheria which involves the skin, eyes or genitals also exists.[1][2] Complications may include myocarditis, inflammation of nerves, kidney problems, and bleeding problems due to low levels of platelets.[1] Myocarditis may result in an abnormal heart rate and inflammation of the nerves may result in paralysis.[1]
白喉(Diphtheria,来源于希腊语διφθερα/dipthera,意思是“隐藏的皮革”)是由被一种称为白喉棒状杆菌的细菌感染造成的[1]。症状可以从轻微到严重[2],且一般通常是于接触到致病菌二到五天后开始出现症状[1]。刚开始出现的症状通常进展得较和缓,伴随有喉咙痛和发热。而严重的病人其喉咙会出现灰色或白色的斑块[1][2] ,这些斑块可以阻塞呼吸道并且让患者在咳嗽时产生如同狗吠一样的叫声,称为义膜性喉炎[2]。脖子会因为肿胀的淋巴结而部分肿大[1]。另外也有一种形式的白喉会感染皮肤、眼睛或者生殖器官[1][2]。并发症包含有心肌炎、神经发炎、蛋白尿,还有因为血小板低下而造成的流血不止的状况。心肌炎可能会导致心律不整,而神经发炎则可能导致瘫痪[1]。
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