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Messagefrom General Critics"could also be viewed in this mechanistic way" which implies that all of the world and universe operates "in this mechanistic way". We are in machines and we are machines.
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Messagefrom General CriticsBy challenging God-given creatures, new methods and visions were developed to achieve the practical "convenient" . This progress of "shift from the divine to the convenient " results into modern science and be "decisive for the progress of the machine-aesthetic in architecture". Logical and practical, basis of modern sciences.
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page039from Building Ideaswhich was completed in 1680. His most memorable work was in architectural theory where he questioned the traditional understanding of number, which had, since Vitruvius in the first century AD, been treated as God-given and of sacred significance. The dimensions of the body were seen as the basis for a system of divinely proportional relationship which, like those in music, would guarantee harmony and ensure that a building would be “in tune” with universe. This notion of number as the secret to harmony had been revived during the Renaissance but had never been codified and the conflicts that had grown up between rival systems inspired Perrault to resolve the confusion. In his Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns, published in 1683, he attempted to set out a once-and-for –all number system, by averaging the dimensions put forward by others. In place of the assumption that proportions were absolute and their recognition an innate capacity of the mind, he reduced the whole question to arbitrary convention, based on learned, rather than any God-given standards. The effect of this shift from the divine to the “convenient” continued the revolution that Descartes had begun. By reducing mathematics from theology to engineering, another “instrument” of comprehension had been created for the mind. From this grounding in the techniques of spatial description and the mechanistic explanation of natural phenomena came a whole torrent of new “sciences” during the next hundred years. As Michel Foucault has described in his book The Order of Things, the eighteenth century saw an expansion in research and classification that went a long way to fulfilling Francis Bacon’s great vision. The sciences of botany, geology and paleontology were all born in this period out of the same urge to record and classify. By the end of the century even language and history had begun to be seen as fair game for the sciences, and it is history that proves to be decisive for the progress of the machine-aesthetic in architecture.
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page038from Building Ideasconsciousness and freedom of the will, the human body when acting purely by instinct could also be viewed in this mechanistic way:
When a man in falling thrusts out his hand … he does that without his reason counseling him so to act, but merely because the sight of the impending fall penetrating to his brain drives the animal spirits into the nerves in the manner necessary for this motion … and as though it were the working of a machine.18 This ”machine” model of the body was extended to the universe which Descartes concluded could be reduced even further. His principle of mechanism proposed that all phenomena could be explained as the motion of “geometrical matter", where matter, according to his definition is: “susceptible of every sort of division, shape and motion”.19 Descartes held back from publishing his work on astronomy, following Galileo’s trial by the church inquisition, and it would take another hundred years or more before the full implications of “Cartesian duality” would be made clear for the body in the most obvious terms. In 1745 and 1748 two books appeared in France that addressed this particular issue. The first, Man the Machine, and the second, Man the Plant, were written by Julian Offray de La Mettrie, although early editions were anonymously published for fear of provoking a hostile reaction. The same crossover of ideas that happened in England between the new rigour in science and the growing profession of architecture also took off from Descartes’ philosophy in France, through the equivalent of the Royal Society. The French Academy was founded in 1635 and in 1666 it had spawned an Academy of Science. Claude Perrault, who was one of the latter’s founder members, was a physician and comparative anatomist by training, although he also, like Robert Hooke, practiced architecture as well and built the east façade of the Louvre in Praris, 18 René Descartes, The Philosophical Works of Descartes, translated by Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1967, v2, p104 19 René Descartes, quoted in Anthony Kenny, Descartes: A study of his Philosophy Thoemmes Press, Bristol, 1997, p 203.
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Messagefrom General CriticsHere is one basic frame of thought: "the mechanical mind", which deals with the known and the unknown by logical manners. Realism-Assumptions-Tests-Prove-Confirm/Deny
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