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page072from Building Ideas
5 Eero Saarinen – TWA Terminal, JEK Airport, New York, 1956-62.(Alistair Gardner) this principle of heightening awareness of context through the contrast of old and new, is made visible in the most dramatic fashion in a rooftop building in the centre of Vienna. The design by Coop Himmelblau for a suite of offices and conference space displays a blatant disregard for structural logic or conventional townscape principles. Having dispensed with the common-sense solution, the building suggests a deeper agenda and the result of its fragmented geometry is the questioning of the city’s traditional homogeneity. What all these projects show is the power of a sculptural, spatial language – one which cannot be explained away or easily justified in rational terms. These are all buildings that capture the imagination and inspire the user to new experiences, and they all work by disrupting assumptions about conventional functional and contextual requirements.
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page071from Building Ideas
4 Erich Mendelsohn – Einstein Tower, Potsdam, 1917-21.(Alistair Gardner)
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page070from Building Ideas
3 Le Corbusier – Pilgrimage Chapel, Ranchamp, Belfort, 1950-55.(Alistair Gardner) Scharoun’s major project for the Berlin Philharmonie. Both buildings have become icons for their respective host cities, despite the technical problems of building them and the functional challenges of inhabiting them. A more recent example of this phenomenon is Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim museum, completed recently in the run-down and neglected Spanish city of Bilbao. This building’s complexity provides a startling demonstration of the advances in information technology, as the hand-crafted models, made in the architect’s own office, have been computerized into digital data and transferred directly into the construction process. Another project which promises to update a city’s image is Daniel Libeskind’s extension to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. This spiral of “distorted boxes” offers a challenge to its conservation context and should, perhaps almost incidentally, provide an intriguing series of exhibition spaces. On a smaller scale,
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page069from Building Ideasarchitecture, their work suggests other interpretive possibilities, such as the recovery and reassessment of previously marginal works of architecture.
Architecture and the Housing of Tradition In architecture the debate over the truth-value of different languages has also been influential in the development of modernism. As the argument between Muthesius and van de Velde made clear, the role of the artist in architecture has often been questioned. In the early years of modern architecture a division had developed between the deterministic methods of science and the free inventions of the artist. The architects of the expressionist wing of modernism, such as Erich Mendelsohn and Hans scharoun, had demonstrated early on that they were more inspired by the vision of painters. Experiments with the multiple viewpoints of the Cubist artists Picasso and Braque were reflected in the fragmented geometries of buildings by Scharoun and Le Corbusier. The sculptural forms of Mendelsohn’s Einstein Tower also provide an intriguing and paradoxical example, showing the influence of scientifc theories without the blind application of new technology. The tower as built is a hybrid of traditional, and modern construction, with a frame of reinforced concrete and an infill of brick and stucco. This produces a striking visual image of a universe in motion, like the atomic model of physical matter as well as the Cubist canvasses mentioned above. This notion of the capacity of architecture to express a narrative in a spatial language is again echoed in the Dutch De Stijl movement as well as many later projects by Le Corbusier. The attempt to subordinate the expression of technology in order to achieve a sculptural quality in space and form became a dominant trait of several large-scale projects built in the period after World War 2. While the bird-like profile of Eero Saarinen’s TWA Terminal caused a stir, perhaps the most famous of these projects is the Sydney Opera House, designed by the most famous of these projects is the Sydney Opera House, designed by the Danish architect Jorn Utzon. The Opera House, completed in 1973, won in a competition 1956, the same year as
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Messagefrom General Critics"there is a lesson for other disciplines, as their creative engagement with the past provides a means to deal with the problems of tradition"
---creative engagement with the past presents certain means to deal with tradition and history.
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